Hogaamiye Xirsi ayaa qoraal uu bogiisa ku baahiyey waxa uu si qoto dheer ugaga hadlay waxyaabihii saldhiga u ahaa wada hadalada u bilaabmay somaliland iyo soomaaliya sanadkii 2012.
Dadyawga Soomaalida waxaa la sheegaa in ay yihiin isir da’weyn iyadoo qaybo ka mid ahi ay ciriq ku leeyihiin qoomiyadaha Carabta iyo meelo kale balse way yar yihiin qoraallo ku filan oo caddaynaya sheegashada carabnimada iyo isirka soo jireenka ah midnaba, waxaase jira raadad iyo tibaaxo arrimahaa wax ka iftiiminaya. Somaliland waxaa gumaysan jiray boqortooyada Ingiriiska, taas oo xoriyaddeedii ka qaadatay 26 June 1960, halka Soomaaliya uu gumaysan jiray dalka Talyaanigu oo ay xoriyaddeedii ka qaadatay 1 July 1960 isla markiibana ay isku biireen oo la baxeen Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya. Dhalashadii dawladda cusub ayaamo yar uun ka dib, waxaa soo shaacbaxay tabashada dadkii Somaliland taas oo ku wajahnayd israaca ilaa ay keentay isku daygii inqilaabkii dhicisoobay ee 1961. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ammin aan badnayn ayay talinaysay dawladdii shicibka ahayd, muddo ka dibna waxaa dhacay gulufkii meleterigu horkacayay ee uu General Maxamed Siyaad Barre talada dalka kula wareegay 1969kii, iyada oo xilligaa ay dhaceen xadgudubyo, dilal tiro badan iyo xasuuq ka dhacay gobollada dhexe iyo Somaliland, iyada oo uu ka talinayay ilaa 1991kii oo ay jabhado hubaysani qori caaradii xukunka kaga tuureen, isla markaana uu qarxay dagaal sokeeyo oo dhiig badani ku daatay.
Wadahadalladu waa shay muhiimad weyn u leh Somaliland, Soomaaliya iyo gobolkaba guud ahaanba, waxaana dunidu wadahadallada siisaa qiimo weyn. Waa waxa keenaya is waydiimaha dunida in ay labada daraf waydiiso oo ku celceliso oo muujiso in ay danaynayso. Waana dariiqii ay u mareen dhammaan dawladihii kala baxay ee dunida soo maray sida Jakoslafaakiya oo noqotay labada dawladood ee Czech Republic iyo Slovakia. Sidaa waxaa la mid ah qaar badan oo ay ka mid yihiin East Timor iyo Indonesia. Ethiopia iyo Eritrea. Serbia iyo Montenegro iyo kuwii ugu dambeeyay 2010 Sudan iyo Koonfurta Sudan. Dhammaan intan aan soo sheegay wadahadalladii waxay ku dhammaadeen in ay kala baxaan oo labadii dhinac noqdaan labo dawladood duniduna ku waafaqday oo u aqoonsatay. Waxaa iyaguna dib u heshiiyay oo wadahadalkoodii midnimo ku dhamaaday Yemen oo isu hayay koonfur iyo waqooyi, waxaa iyaduna dhawaan Scotland ay dalbatay in ay ka go’aan dalka UK, waxaana loo qaaday afti taas oo ku dhammaatay midnimo.
Somaliland waa xaqiiqo jirta iyo hannaan dawladeed oo aan la dafiri karin, laakiin dawlad dunidu aqoonsan tahay ma aha. Muddo 29 sanadood ah iskeed ayay isu maamulaysay (de facto state) halka muddo 31 sanadood ahna ay Soomaaliya ka midka ahayd. In kasta oo ay inta badan dadkeedu ku qanacsan yihiin sida ay tahay, haddana dood badan ayaa ka taagan sidii ay dawladnimo ugu gudbi lahayd. Najax M. Aadan oo qormo ku falanqeeyay arrintan ayaa ku dooday “Guud ahaan rejada laga qabo in Hannaanka de facto uu u gudbo Jamhuuriyad madaxbannaan (de jure) waa mid hawl adagi hor taal marka la eego xaaladda siyaasiga ah ee dunida maanta. Sidoo kale, soojireenka taariikhda ee cilmiga siyaasaddu wuxuu muuqaal wanaagsan ka bixinayaa xaqa aayo ka tashiga. Tusaale ahaan, xog aruurin uu sameeyay Adrian Florea ayaa muujineysa tiro 34 dawladood oo hannaanka de facto ah maray, intii u dhaxeysay 1945 iyo 2011, iyada oo 18 keliya ay ka badbaadeen. H alka 16kii kalena ay galeen khilaaf ku saleysan Madaxbannaani, kaas oo markii danbe la xalilay. 12 ka mid ahi waxay dib ula midoobeen dalalkii ay ka soo jeedeen weji nabadeed oo aan xoog loo adeegsan. Waxa xusid mudan in afar kaliya ay u gudbeen heer dawlad madax bannaan — Eritrea, East Timor, Kosovo, iyo South Sudan. Somaliland waxay ka mid noqon kartaa kuwa badbaada, muhiimad dhuleed iyo taariikheed. Waase sababo ku dhisan mala-awaal iyo odoros.”
Haddaba, wadahadallada Somaliland iyo Soomaaliya waxaa saldhig u ahaa rabitaanka labada dhinac iyo soo jeedintii shirkii London oo ay fadhiyeen in ka badan 50 dawladood madaxdoodu, iyo shirkii Istanbul oo la mid ahaa, kuwaas oo ay ka soo baxday War murtiyeed lagu sheegay in Somaliland iyo Soomaaliya ay xidhiidhkooda mustaqbalka ka wadahadlaan, waxaa dhacay kulamo isdabajoog ah oo kii ugu horreeyay ka qabsoomay dalka UK, kuwii xigayna ay ka dhaceen dalalka UAE, Turkey iyo Djibouti. Dariiqyada lagu kala baxo waxaa ka mid ah, hannaan dunidu gogosha dhigto, (Facilitation process) markhaatina ka noqoto oo si toos ah labada dhinac u wadahadlaan. Hannaan Dhexdhexaadinta (Mediation process). Hannaan Kala saarid xeerbeegti (Arbitration Process), iyo Maxkamadda Adduunka ee ku kala baxa sharciga (International Court of Justice). Waxay Somaliland iyo Soomaaliya xilligaa isla qaateen, in Soomaalidu wada hadasho duniduna gogasha u dhigto markhaatina ka ahaato. Waxaanay labada dhinac muhiim u arkeen, in lala kaashado khabiirro caalami ah iyo farsamo yaqaanno ku xeeldher arrimaha wadahadallada, qodobka 5aad faqraddiisa 4aad ee heshiiskii London: “Called on the international community to continue to facilitate the talks, including providing the two sides with external experts on legal, economic and security matter”
Wadahadalladaana waxaa ka soo baxay midho fiican oo la taaban karo, waxaa ka mid ah:
• Waxay noqdeen wadahadallo caalamiya oo dunidu taqaan, (International Fasciation process) oo siddeed jeer qabsoomay oo markhaati leh. Kulankii ugu horreeyay ee ka qabsoomay aqalka caanka ah ee Chevening House, waxay ahayd madal ay goob joog ka ahaayeen Dawladda Ingiriiska ee martigelisay, Dawladda Norway iyo Isutagga Yurub (EU)—qodobka 2aad ee heshiiska ayaa odhanaya:”The meeting was hosted by the UK and co‐hosted by Norway and EU, at the request of the two sides). Kulankii Dubai waxaa goob joog ka ahaa Wasiiru-dawlaha Arrimaha Debedda, Mr. Anwar Gargash. Kulankii Ankara waxaa goobjoog ka ahaa Madaxweynaha Turkiga iyo Raysal wasaaraha Turkiga, Kulankii Djibouti waxaa goobjoog ka ahaa Madaxweynaha Djibouti, waxaana dhammaan go’aamadii ka soo baxay laga akhriyay fagaare saxaafaddii caalamku joogto.
• Sida ku cad qodobka 5aad, faqradda 1aad ee heshiiskii London, waxaa lagu heshiiyay in loo wada hadlo labo dhinac, ” Agreed that the talks would take place between two sides ‐ the TFG (or its replacement) and Somaliland, in accordance with paragraph 6 of the London Conference Communiqué and paragraph 10 of the Istanbul II Conference Communiqu”
• Qodobka 4aad ee heshiiskii Ankara ayaa odhanaya, waxaa lagu heshiiyay in la dhiirrigeliyo mucaawinooyinka, “Agreed to encourage and facilitate International Aid and development provided to Somaliland.” Waana waxa saldhig u ahaa hannaankii lagu liibaanay ee (Somaliland Special Arrangement iyo Somaliland Development Fund)
• Waxaa kale oo lagu heshiiyay in hawada maamul labada dhinac ka koobani maamulo, xarunteedu Hargeysa noqoto, si simanna loo qaybsado wixii ka soo baxa. Qodobka 1aad ee heshiiyadii Istanbul ayaa odhanaya:”Agreed to the return of the air traffic management from the UN and decided to establish a joint control body that is based in Hargeisa to lead the air traffic control of both sides. It is also agreed that this body will propose a mechanism for equitable revenue-sharing.”
• Labada dhinac waxay isla garteen garwaaqsiga dhibtii uu gaystay rajiimkii meleteriga ahaa ee aynu kor ku soo sheegnay, oo qodobka 9aad ee heshiisyadii Istanbul II ayaa odhanaya: “We condemn all the atrocities committed by that regime throughout all Somali people particularly the people in Somaliland”
• In la iska kaashado kahortagga wixii dhib ku ah labada dhinac sida, xagjirnimada, Sunta badda lagu qubo, Kaluumaysiga sharcidarrada ah. Eeg qodobka 6aad iyo 7aad (Agreed to cooperate in the fight against terrorism, extremism and serious crime, Agreed to cooperate in the fight against piracy at sea and on land, maritime crime, illegal fishing and toxic dumping). Hoggaamiyayaasha labada dhinac haddii aanay hayn wax xal ah, waxaa habboon in aanay uga sii darin halkii ay maraysay.
Wadahadallada Somaliland iyo Soomaaliya oo labada dhinac midna ku doonayo madaxbannaani, midka kalena ku doonayo midnimo. In kasta oo furitaanka wadahadallada iyo qodobbada lagu heshiiyayba ay ahaayeen horumar fiican, haddana waxaa jiray caqabado aan la dhayalsan karin. Caqabadaha wadahadallada ee ka jiray welina ka jira Somaliland waxaa ka mid ah:
1) waxaa jirta caqabad mooral oo ku salaysan xadgudubyadii iyo xasuuqii dadka reer Somaliland loo gaystay iyada oo weliba aad loogu kala aragti duwan yahay arrintan lana odhan karo waa kaaf iyo kala dheeri! Waxa dadka reer Somaliland sheeganayaan xasuuq uu gaystay rajiimkii Meleteriga ahaa ee ka talinayay Soomaaliaya. Wixii ay iska dileen ciidamadii Soomaaliya iyo Jabhaddii hubaysnayd ee SNM waa gaar, waxay sheeganayaan xasuuq ay tusaale u yihiin dad aan waxba galabsan sida; Ganacsatadii Burco ee 45 ahayd ee guryahooda lagala soo baxay ee fagaaraha lagu toogtay, Dhallinyaradii iyo haweenkii baaska lagu furay, qaarna la xidhxidhay goobta dhagaxtuurka ee Hargeysa. Dadkii shicibka ahaa oo habeenimo guryahoodii lagala soo baxay laguna laayay xeebta Jasiira ee Muqdisho. Dadkii lagu soo ururiyay tuulada Kal-sheekh oo Iskarogada dhagaxa ah dusha lagaga shubay. Diyaaradihii lagu soo iibiyay cashuurtii dadweynaha oo garoonkan Hargeysa ka kacayay, ka dibna duqaynayay Hargeysa, Burco meelo kale ee haweenkii iyo caruurtii magaalooyinka ka qaxay ku rushaynayay daafaha magaalooyinka, ee ay ka sii qaxeen, ee ay ka daba tegeen ee garaacayey ilaa xadka ay ka tallaabeen oo ay Itoobiya ka magan galeen. Xadgudubyo ka dhan ah xuquuqda biniaadamka iyo qiyamka islaamka iyo 240 Xabaalo-wadareedyo ah.
2) Dabarka sharci ee Dastuurka oo dadka Somaliland 97% ay ugu codeeyeen gooni isu taagga Somaliland ayaa isaguna lama taabtaan ka dhigaya diidmada in lala midoobo Soomaaliya. Kaas oo odhanaya “Dalkii Maxmiyadda ahaa ee 26kii Juun 1960kii gobanimadiisa ka qaatay Boqortooyadii Midowday ee Ingiriiska iyo Waqooyiga Ayrland (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland), lana odhan jiray Maxmiyadda Somaliland, kuna biiray Soomaliya 1dii July l960kii si ay u wada curiyaan Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya [Somali Republic] ee kula soo noqday gooni-isu-taagiisa Go’aankii Shirkii Beelaha Somaliland ee Burco 27kii April ilaa 15 May l99lkii, waxa uu halkan ku noqonayaa sida waafaqsan Dastuurkan dal madax bannaan oo leh xaqa iyo karaamada Qaranimadiisa, kuna magacaaban Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland. Awoodda iyo karaamada Qaranimada waxa leh shacbiga; wuxuuna u adeegsanayaa si waafaqsan Dastuurka iyo xeerarka kale”
Caqabadaha Wadahadallada ee Soomaaliya ka jiray welina ka jira waxaa ka mid ah:
Dastuurka qabyada ah ee Soomaaliya ayaa goloyaasha dawladda ku waajibinaaya midnimada xuduudaha dalkii Soomaaliya. Kaas oo odhanaya “Gobannimada iyo midnimada Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya waa laguma-xadgudbaan.”
Wadahadallada ayaan aaminsanahay in ay yihiin dariiqa ugu wanaagsan. Soomaalidu waxay ku maahmaahdaa ‘Go’aaga haddii lagugu qabsado waa laga garbaxaa’. Haddii wadahadal la diido, waxa looga gudbaa waa cunfi, xumaan iyo dagaal. Dagaal ninkii u xiiso-qabaa isagay jirtaa. Waxay ila tahay, si looga baxo murugga wadahadallada iyo ismariwaaga, in ay noqdaan wadahadallo caafimaad qaba oo wakiillada uga qayb gelayaa labada daraf ay yihiin metelayaal rasmi ah. In darafka Somaliland madaxbannaanidu yool u noqoto, darafka Soomaaliyana midnimadu yool u noqoto, daraf kastana lagu ixtiraamo hadafkiisa, si aan dib looga dhicin halka la joogo oo jaanis loo siiyo mustaqbalka, Inta wadahadaladu socdaana la samaysto qorshe lagu kala nabadgalo, wixii suurtagal ahna layska kaashado. Heshiisyadii hore loogu heshiiyay oo la meelmariyo. Wixii danbe ee lagu heshiiyo oo loo markhaatiyo badsado oo dunidu goob-joog ka ahaato.Waxa lagu heshiin karo wax ka mid ah:
1) In afti laga qaado dadka Somaliland oo madaxbannaani iyo midnimo wixii ka soo baxa la raaco.
2) In lagu heshiiyo muddo cayiman, madax bannaani shuruud leh iyo midnimo shuruud leh oo mar wada dhaca, kaas oo Somaliland loo aqoonsanayo dawlad madax bannaan, si ay u helaan dammaanad qarannimo. Iyada oo la wadaaagayo hal calan (Union Chuck), Arrimaha debadda, Gaashaandhigga, Lacagta iyo Baasboorka, si Soomaaliya u hesho dammaanad faderaal iyo midnimo. Marka muddadu dhammaato afti laga qaado isku jirka bulshada labada dhinac.
3) In lagu heshiiyo wax dhexe oo labo dhinac ka imanaya sida (Somali Union), lana wadaago waxyaalo cayiman. Tani ma aha mawqifkayga siyaasadeed, waase waxyaalaha miiska wadahadalada iman kara,
waxaanan ku metelaa aragtidayda inta igu taageersan.
Xirsi Cali Xaaji Xasan, Hoggaamiyaha Xisbiga Waddani
“Wa Billaahi Tawfiiq”
